Present Perfect
Sadašnje savršeno vreme
Present Perfect povezuje prošlost sa sadašnjošću. Gradi se sa have/has + glagol u trećem obliku (past participle).
| Zamenica | Present Perfect | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | have + past participle | I have lived in Zürich. |
| He / She / It | has + past participle | She has visited 30 countries. |
| Infinitiv | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone |
| see | saw | seen |
| have | had | had |
| do | did | done |
| write | wrote | written |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| live | lived | lived |
| work | worked | worked |
Primeri
Ključne reči
ever, never, already, yet, just, since, for, recently — ove reči su signal da treba koristiti Present Perfect.
Pasivna forma
Passive Voice
Pasivna forma se koristi kada je važnija radnja nego ko je vrši.
| Vreme | Aktiv | Pasiv |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They make cars here. | Cars are made here. |
| Past Simple | Someone stole my bag. | My bag was stolen. |
| Present Perfect | They have built a new bridge. | A new bridge has been built. |
| Future | They will open a new school. | A new school will be opened. |
Kondicionali
Conditional Sentences — If Clauses
Kondicionalne rečenice izražavaju uslov i posledicu.
| Tip | If + ... | Rezultat | Upotreba |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero | present simple | present simple | opšte istine |
| First | present simple | will + infinitiv | realne buduće situacije |
| Second | past simple | would + infinitiv | nerealne sadašnje situacije |
| Third | past perfect | would have + past participle | nemoguće prošle situacije |
Primeri
Neupravni govor
Reported Speech / Indirect Speech
Neupravni govor se koristi kada prenosimo nečije reči.
| Direktno | Neupravno |
|---|---|
| "I am tired." | She said (that) she was tired. |
| "I work in Belgrade." | He said he worked in Belgrade. |
| "I will call you." | She said she would call me. |
| "I have finished." | He said he had finished. |
| "Can you help me?" | She asked if I could help her. |
Relativne klauze
Relative Clauses — Who, Which, That, Where
Relativne klauze daju dodatne informacije o imenici.
| Zamenica | Koristi se za | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| who | osobe | The teacher who taught me speaks 5 languages. |
| which | stvari, životinje | The book which I read was excellent. |
| that | osobe i stvari | The city that I love most is Belgrade. |
| where | mesta | Zürich is the city where I lived for ten years. |
| whose | posesiv (čiji) | The student whose project won is from Serbia. |
Vežbanja
Proveri svoje znanje B1
Mini test — B1
Izaberi tačan odgovor
1. Dopuni: 'I ___ never ___ sushi before.'
2. Pasivna forma: 'Someone stole her bag.' →
3. Koji tip kondicionala? 'If I were rich, I would travel the world.'
4. Neupravni govor: He said 'I am tired.' →
5. Izaberi tačnu relativnu zamenicu: 'The city ___ I was born is beautiful.'
Tvoj rezultat