Mešoviti kondicionali
Mixed Conditionals
Mešoviti kondicionali kombinuju različita vremena iz drugog i trećeg kondicionala.
| Tip | If clause | Main clause | Značenje |
|---|---|---|---|
| Past → Present | If + past perfect | would + infinitiv | prošli uslov, sadašnja posledica |
| Present → Past | If + past simple | would have + past participle | sadašnji uslov, prošla posledica |
Primeri
Konjunktiv (Subjunctive)
Subjunctive — Formal & Hypothetical
Konjunktiv — formalne strukture i hipotetični kontekst.
| Struktura | Primer | Napomena |
|---|---|---|
| It is essential/vital/important that + S + bare infinitiv | It is essential that every student submit their work on time. | formalna preporuka — bez -s za treće lice |
| recommend/suggest/insist that + S + bare infinitiv | The committee recommended that the proposal be reconsidered. | formalna preporuka |
| If I were (not was) | If I were in your position, I would reconsider. | hipotetični konjunktiv — uvek "were" |
| Were + S + to + infinitiv | Were she to apply, she would certainly succeed. | formalna inverzija umesto if |
| as if / as though + past | She speaks as if she had lived there her whole life. | poređenje sa hipotetičnim stanjem |
Važna razlika
U konjunktivu, glagol 'be' ostaje were za sva lica — I were, he were, she were.
Složeni pasiv
Advanced Passive — Reporting Structures
Pasivne strukture glagola izveštavanja — akademski i novinarski stil.
| Struktura | Primer |
|---|---|
| It is said/believed/thought/reported that... | It is believed that the economy will improve next year. |
| Subject + is said/believed/thought + to infinitiv | The company is reported to have made significant losses. |
| Subject + is said/believed + to have + past participle | The document is thought to have been destroyed. |
| It is alleged/claimed/estimated that... | It is estimated that over 7,000 languages exist in the world. |
Akademski primeri
Nominalizacija
Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns
Nominalizacija — ključna tehnika za akademski i poslovni stil.
| Glagol/Pridev | Imenica | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| decide | decision | The decision to expand was made unanimously. |
| investigate | investigation | The investigation revealed significant findings. |
| achieve | achievement | The achievement of fluency requires consistent practice. |
| develop | development | The development of new technologies is accelerating. |
| significant | significance | The significance of this discovery cannot be overstated. |
| analyze | analysis | A thorough analysis of the data was conducted. |
| implement | implementation | The implementation of new policies takes time. |
Zašto nominalizacija?
Colloquial: We decided to expand, which was significant.
Academic: The decision to expand was of considerable significance.
Registar i stilske nijanse
Formal vs Informal — Choosing the Right Register
Registar — sposobnost prelaska između stilskih nivoa.
| Neformalno | Formalno | Akademsko |
|---|---|---|
| get | obtain / receive | acquire / attain |
| show | demonstrate / indicate | illustrate / reveal |
| think | believe / consider | hypothesize / postulate |
| use | utilize / employ | apply / implement |
| say | state / declare | assert / contend |
| find out | discover / determine | ascertain / establish |
| help | assist / support | facilitate / contribute to |
Isti sadržaj, tri registra
Kohezija i koherencija teksta
Advanced Discourse — Linking & Structuring
Kohezija i koherencija — savršena organizacija teksta.
| Funkcija | Napredni konektori |
|---|---|
| ustupak | Notwithstanding, Albeit, Despite the fact that, Granted that, Even so |
| uslov | Provided that, On condition that, Assuming that, In the event that |
| svrha | With a view to, So as to, In order that, For the purpose of |
| posledica | Consequently, As a consequence, It follows that, This in turn |
| preciziranje | More specifically, To be more precise, In particular, With regard to |
| reformulacija | In other words, That is to say, Put differently, To rephrase |
Kohezivni uređaji
Na C1 koristimo referencijalne, leksičke i gramatičke kohezivne uređaje za savršen tok teksta.
Vežbanja
Proveri svoje znanje C1
Mini test — C1
Izaberi tačan odgovor
1. Mešoviti kondicional — izaberi tačnu rečenicu:
2. Konjunktiv — koja je tačna forma?
3. Koji je formalni ekvivalent reči 'find out'?
4. Nominalizacija — akademski oblik rečenice 'We analyzed the results'?
5. Koji konektor izražava ustupak na C1 nivou?
Tvoj rezultat
Čestitamo! Završio/la si
kompletan engleski kurs.
Od A1 do C1 — prošao/la si sve nivoe engleskog. Sledeći korak je sertifikat: IELTS, Cambridge CAE ili CPE.
Zakaži čas za pripremu sertifikata